In this study, miR-138-5p did not affect the expression of VEGF, TGF-β, IL-10, eNOS and PGE2 in NSCLC cells, while targeting and down-regulating PD-L1, indicating that miR-138-5p could affect the function of DCs by decreasing the expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.