To identify GPSGC-associated specific molecular targets, 60 detectable immunomodulatory genes were analyzed in the entire cohort of 834 GC patients and were significantly correlated with the GPSGC risk score (Pearson's correlation test, |r| ≥ 0.40, P < 0.05); the genes are listed in Figure 5C. OS analysis further showed that only three immunomodulatory genes, VEGFB, TGFβ1 and ENTPD1, were significantly associated with poor outcomes. Here, ENTPD1 is linked to gastric cancer.