Moreover, 14 cytokines and chemokines that are intimately involved in preventing CRC initiation in C5ar1-deficient mice were also significantly altered upon PMX205 administration; including the decline of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-11 (Figure 4F to J) and the chemokines CCL2, CXCL1 and CXCL5 (Figure 4L to N), and the elevation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (Figure 4K). Here, TNF is linked to colorectal carcinoma.