The local levels of the important cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1α and IL-6 (Figure 5D to F) and chemokines CCL2, CXCL1 and CXCL5 (Figure 5G to I), all of which were previously shown to be highly involved in preventing CRC development in C5ar1-deficient mice, decreased significantly (except for TNF-α in WT recipients) in mice receiving C5ar1-deficient donor BM cells compared with mice transplanted with WT donor BM cells. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.