For example, TNF has immune regulatory, proinflammatory [70], and anti-viral functions [71], MAPK8 modulates lymphocyte homeostasis [72], IL10 is generally considered to be an anti-inflammatory cytokine [73, 74], but production of IL-10 has also been shown to be detrimental during high-dose primary influenza challenge [75]. Here, TNF is linked to influenza.