However, very recent studies using CRISPR-Cas9 knockout in AGS and Kato-III cells suggest that integrins are not required for the injection of CagA (Zhao et al., 2018), and may have a different function by enhancing integrin-based binding to the extracellular matrix to avoid excessive epithelial cell lifting during infection (Tegtmeyer et al., 2011). Here, S100A8 is linked to infection.