CD19 and melanoma: In contrast, cell-based immunotherapy using T cells exogenously expressing T-cell receptor (TCR) directed to TAA (TCR-T), especially for NY-ESO-I, showed clinical responses against melanoma and synovial sarcoma.5 Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T cells (CAR-T) also showed dramatic responses in B-cell haematological malignancies.6 However, CD19 CAR-T cells can destroy not only neoplastic B cells but also normal B cells.