Several factors in the tumor environment, such as dense ECM, poor vascular permeability, hypoxia, and poor lymphatic drainage, restrict intratumoral infiltration and dispersion of drugs and therapeutic cells.3 29 Recently, there was a report that the efficacy of immune check point blockade could be enhanced using intratumorally injected GM-CSF armed oncolytic Ad.30 However, in the solid tumor, overcoming physical barrier as well as physiological barrier would be important. Here, CSF2 is linked to neoplasm.