INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In the last decade, many miRNAs have been identified to play a pathophysiological role in T2DM, among them, Let-7a has been associated with glucose metabolism [16,17], Let-7e showed sensitivity to metformin treatment [18], miR-144 was demonstrated to play a role in beta-cell dysfunction [19] and insulin signalling [19]; and miR-92a associated with cell dysfunction in T2DM [20], endothelial dysfunction [21,22], and coronary heart disease [11].