In this study, we compared the ability of distinct probiotic strains belonging to either Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genus, among the most commonly present bacteria to be found in commercially available probiotic preparations used in the treatment of IBD [36,37], to affect AIEC virulence mechanisms and interfere with the relative inflammatory response directly related to the IL-23/Th17 axis. The gene discussed is IL23A; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.