CSF1 and inflammatory bowel disease: In the conditions used in this work (M-CSF differentiated MDM, MOI 1:10), we observed significant differences in AIEC-LF82 persistence within human macrophages derived from IBD patients compared to HD: whereas LF82 is able to survive, but not to replicate, within MDM derived from HD or UC patients, our data confirm the proficiency of LF82 to replicate within CD-derived macrophages [62].