TNF and renal fibrosis: Meanwhile, the up-regulated lncRNA Arid2-IR might promote renal inflammation (an up-regulation of IL-1β, TNF-α, and MCP-1) and injury via NF-κB without influencing TGF-β/Smad3-mediated renal fibrosis in UUO kidney model, as confirmed by the silencing of Arid2-IR, which did not alter the effect of TGF-β1 [103].