Employing immunohistochemistry we have demonstrated that in the frontal lobe of AD brains there is an increase of both C3 and S100A10 immunopositive astrocyte-like cells (ASLCs) compared with controls, but in the case of C3 this increase is only evident in the upper frontal cortex whereas with S100A10 it is seen in frontal upper and lower cortex and white matter. Here, S100A10 is linked to Alzheimer disease.