As summarized in Figure 4D, anti-NGAL-R antibodies significantly increased cell death in the NGAL-R+ CLL group (mean: 25.3% ± SD: 9.6) compared to normal PBMCs (6.3% ± 4.7) and NGAL-Rlow CLL cells (2% ± 2.5). Here, LCN2 is linked to B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.