NPPA and cardiac hypertrophy: In cardiac hypertrophy due to hypertension, chronic smaller doses of isoproterenol cause severe oxidative stress on cardiac muscles, resulting in increasing levels of plasma renin and angiotensin II and decreasing levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), NO and cGMP, along with physical parameter ratios cumulatively causing myocytes injury [8,43,44,45].