Indeed, conventional and germ-free (GF) mice transplanted with stool samples from CRC patients developed high-grade dysplasia and macroscopic polyps concomitantly with a higher proportion of colonic Ki-67 positive proliferating cells as well as increased expression of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2, IL-17A, IL-22, and IL-23A cytokines. Here, IL22 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.