Given that palmitate, TNF-α, and MIP-1α have emerged as critical players in metabolic inflammation, their elevated expression in obesity remains a significant concern, and it is unclear whether a cooperative interaction between palmitate and TNF-α can lead to upregulate MIP-1α levels in human monocytic cells and/or macrophages. The gene discussed is CCL3; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.