VHL and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: Four (VHL, PBMR1, SETD2, and BPA1) of the five mutated genes in CCRCC are all located at the level of the 3p chromosomal region involved in LOH; 98% of the CRCC cases displaying LOH at 3p showed the remaining VHL allele altered by somatic mutation or promoter methylation [169].