CD4 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: Scheffer et al. report in a ten-patient study presenting with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) who were treated with IRE, an upregulation of PD-1 observed on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with a downregulation of Tregs in addition to a tumour antigen specific T cell response related to a better overall survival (Scheffer et al. 2019).