When compared to normal cardiac tissue, subsequent gene expression analysis revealed 7 genes (4 hypermethylated [HEY2, MSR1, MYOM3, COX17], 3 hypomethylated [PAIP1, CTGF, MMP2] and 3 microRNAs [1 hypermethylated, miR-24-1; 2 hypomethylated, miR-21, miR-155]), with significantly altered levels consistent with the direction of methylation identified in the particular HF patient sub-group [46]. The gene discussed is CCN2; the disease is hydrops fetalis.