Furthermore, PD-L1 ablation also increased the expression levels of IFN-γ and IL-4, while inhibited IL-10 expressions in CD8+ T cells (Fig. 8g, h) and the supernatants (Fig. 8i, j), indicating that NSCLC cell inactivated CD8+ T cells in the co-culturing system through secreting PD-L1. Here, IL4 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.