Interestingly, the above results were also validated in NSCLC cells, and we found that NSCLC cells derived exosomes increased resistance of NSCLC cells to cisplatin treatment and upregulated stemness associated signatures (OCT4, SOX2, Nanog and ALDH1), which were all abrogated by treating cells with anti-PD-L1 antibody, indicating that NSCLC cells derived PD-L1 exosomes self-regulated cell stemness to increase resistance of NSCLC cells to cisplatin, and blockade of PD-L1 sensitized chemoresistant NSCLC cells to cisplatin, which were in accordance with the previous data [42]. The gene discussed is ALDH1A1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.