TNF and glioblastoma: To further validate the role of NF-κB (p65) and ERK in EP-inhibited glioblastoma cells EMT, the migration and invasion ability of U251 and U87 cells were tested under four different treatment conditions, including control group (untreated group), TNF-α (10 μM) treatment group, TNF-α coupled with U0126 (10 pg/μL) treatment group, TNF-α coupled with EP (20 mM) treatment group (Figs. 4A–4TT).