The expression levels of MHC II on plasmablasts showed no significant difference at week 1 and 2 after infection in any groups; on the contrary, the expression and MFI of MHC II on plasmablasts were significantly lower in TNF-/- mice at week 3 after infection compared with TNFf/f mice (Figure 9B; supplementary Figure 3 and supplementary Figure 4B). Here, TNF is linked to infection.