HHIP and myelodysplastic syndrome: In addition, treatment of MDS-MSCs with 5-Aza reverses aberrant methylation patterns of these cells resulting in rescue of frequently altered signaling pathways such as over activation of betaβ-catenin and the downregulation of HHIP (Figure 1) (Kobune et al., 2012; Bhagat et al., 2017).