The upregulated genes included insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (Igfbp3) a biomarker of transient ischemic attack (Penn et al., 2018), immunoglobulin G heavy chain involved in chronic focal encephalitis (Baranzini et al., 2002) and solute carrier family 47 member 1 (Slc47a1) expressed in brain microvessel endothelial cells (BMEC) of the blood brain barrier (Suhy et al., 2017) (Table 1). The gene discussed is IGFBP3; the disease is transient ischemic attack.