Lin et al. [68] constructed a TMA comprised of 70 ccRCC, 40 pRCC, and 18 chRCC primary tumors, 22 metastatic RCCs, and 24 NAT and probed phospho-substrates associated with mTOR signaling (AKT-S473, mTOR-S2448, and p70S6-T389). Here, MTOR is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.