The authors then validated HSC71 expression using ELISA, profiling the serum of ccRCC patients, healthy controls, and patients with other urological diseases such as angiomyolipoma of the kidney, benign prostatic hyperplasia, urinary tract infection, and urolithiasis, showing HSC71 was elevated in ccRCC patient serums relative to healthy controls and non-ccRCC patients. Here, HSPA8 is linked to urolithiasis.