Leveraging the results from the TCGA characterization of ccRCC, the authors sought to link their serum profiles to tissue gene expression profiles, identifying 11 proteins, including C1QB, C1QC, ANXA1, LYZ, S100A9, and SERPINA4, that were differentially abundant in both datasets and were associated with RCC tumor stage and grade. Here, S100A9 is linked to neoplasm.