Multivariate logistic regression analysis (Table 3), adjusted for parameters that were of statistical significance in the univariate analysis (P < 0.05), demonstrated that for CHADS2 group, non-paroxysmal AF, BNP elevation, and LV hypertrophy were significant independent determinants of LASEC, and that for CHA2DS2-VASc group, non-paroxysmal AF and LV hypertrophy were significant independent determinants of LASEC. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.