HSPA5 and Hyperglycemia: Ketoacidosis and hyperglycemia also directly contribute to the risk of mucormycosis by 4 mechanisms: 1) distribution of iron sequestration due to hyperglycation of iron which alters the host defense system, 2) enabling tissue penetration by expressing the cell receptor GRP78 which binds to Mucorales species through the direct effect of hyperglycemia and indirectly by increasing free iron levels, 3) impairing phagocytic functions and reducing the efficiency of chemotaxis, and 4) enhancing fungal survival through iron dissociation from sequestering proteins [2].