A therapeutic mouse tumour model was established by s.c. injecting E.G7-OVA cancer cells into the right flank region of the mice (C57BL/6), followed by the s.c. injection of cancer vaccines into the left flank region plus i.p. injection of the anti-PD-1 Ab at a dose of 0, 20, or 200 μg per mouse on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 post-tumour inoculation. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.