Mice lacking necroptosis alone (Mlkl–/– mice) or those with combined deficiency in pyroptosis and necroptosis (Casp1–/–;Casp11–/–;Casp12–/–;Ripk3–/– mice) had no defects in bacterial control until at least 3 weeks post-infection (Figures 1B and S1A). This evidence concerns the gene SCAF11 and infection.