THBS1 and atherosclerosis: TSP-1 induces both positive and negative modulations of endothelial cell adhesion, motility, and growth through its interaction with a plethora of cell adhesion receptors, including CD47, CD36, and CD51/CD61, so that TSP-1 can modulate cellular functions including platelet activation and adhesion, leukocyte adhesion, migration, and phagocytosis to have effects on atherosclerosis, thrombosis, angiogenesis, and antiangiogenesis [26].