VEGFA and neoplasm: In response to inflammation, inhibitory IκB proteins are dissociated from NF-κB allowing its nuclear translocation and activation of tumor-promoting genes including IL-6, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), VEGF, and MMP-9 to promote cancer [41].