The expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins (NLRP3, GSDMD, cl.Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18) is significantly increased in the S-AKI group (P < 0.05 for S-AKI control versus vehicle; Figures 2(a) and 2(b)). Here, GSDMD is linked to acute kidney injury.