The MAPK pathways have different signaling cascades; the Ras-Raf-Mek-extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 pathway, one of the MAPK pathways, is one of the most dysregulated pathways in human cancer and it regulates a variety of key cellular functions, including proliferation, growth, and aging (20). Here, MAPK3 is linked to cancer.