Researchers determined intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and endotoxin levels in arterial blood at different times of CPB to indicate that the release of biomarkers that indicate ischemia-reperfusion damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa and endotoxemia may identify intestinal damage and bacterial translocation. Here, IL6 is linked to serum lipopolysaccharide activity.