In human clear cell renal cell carcinoma, it has been shown that the expression of E-cadherin and HIF-1α was mutually exclusive due to HIF-1α-mediated induction of TCF3, ZFHX1A, and ZFHX1B, which repress E-cadherin gene transcription (Krishnamachary et al., 2006). This evidence concerns the gene TCF3 and clear cell renal carcinoma.