IFNG and infection: During acute T. gondii infection NK cells and ILC1 are known to produce IFNγ in an IL-12 dependent manner (Denkers et al., 1993; Gazzinelli et al., 1993; Hunter et al., 1994, 1995; Klose et al., 2014) We have recently demonstrated that after vaccination, NK cells respond a second time to help control challenge infection by producing IFNγ in an IL-12 and IL-23 dependent manner (Ivanova et al., 2019).