Consistent with this, a newly discovered subset of inflammatory DC has been shown to present a distinct transcriptome which make them closer to BDCA1+ DCs and inflammatory macrophage than to that of monocytes (53); moreover, CD1c+ DCs and CD141+ DCs were demonstrated to have significantly increased cell surface expression of activation/maturation markers CCR7 and CD86 in early RA compared with HCs (51). Here, CD86 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.