RNA-sequencing has revealed that multiple immune-response pathways are down-regulated in monocytes of sepsis patients (32), and mass cytometry (CyTOF), which allows for simultaneous analysis of more parameters than conventional flow cytometry, has shown that monocytes of sepsis patients have increased expression of the inhibitory ligand PD-L1 and decreased expression of HLA-DR (33). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and Sepsis.