SLC12A5 and autism: In contrast, when chloride extrusion is disrupted due to decreased expression of KCC2, the intracellular chloride concentration inside the neuron increases, diminishing the driving force for GABA-mediated inhibitory currents which results in significant disinhibition (Bonislawski et al., 2007), especially in the dentate gyrus, as seen in neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases like epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, schizophrenia, autism, in addition to stress (Schulte et al., 2018).