The correlation between serum elafin, cytokines (IFNγ), and exosomal miRNAs (miR181b-5p) in men with T2DM are similarly reflected by the elafin-mediated inhibition of IFNγ expression and promotion of miR181b-5p expression in HFD-treated male mice (Figs. 3, 4 and S4A–E). The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.