Here we performed intra-testicular bacterial infection with Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) as a model of experimental orchitis.12 We found that both γδ and αβ T cells accumulated in the infected testis (Fig. 5a)—but not in the spleen (Fig. 5b)—and mainly expressed IFN-γ (Fig. 5c, d). This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and orchitis.