In normal condition, there is no difference in echocardiography between WT mice and ALDH2−/− mice (Fig. 5a, b, Supplementary Fig. S2B), but ALDH2 deficiency exacerbated the decrease of LVEF and LVFS as well as enlargement of dimensions measurements after TAC surgery when compared with WT TAC mice (Fig. 5a, b; Supplementary Fig. S2B). This evidence concerns the gene ALDH2 and persistent truncus arteriosus.