However, we were unable to detect consistent quantitative or proliferative alterations in the CD8+ T cell, CD4+ T cell, CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T (TREG), NK cell, NKT cell, and B cell compartments of the spleen and lymph nodes of tumor-naïve C57BL/6 mice receiving NAM in the drinking water for 14 days (Supplementary Fig. 2d, e), suggesting that the ability of NAM to delay M/D-driven carcinogenesis involves immunological pathways not linked to the systemic expansion/contraction of immune effectors. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and neoplasm.