Since Goldstein et al. [87] first reported a significant elevation of serum HMGB1 level in patient with ischemic stroke within 24 h of symptom onset, elevation of serum HMGB1 levels in stroke patients has been reported in numerous papers, and it was correlated with the severity and functional outcome of the disease [88,89,90,91]. The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is ischemic stroke.