The top 3 predicted upstream regulators in inactive extensive colitis were miR-155-5p, SOCS1, and TREM1, regulating CXCL2 and SOCS1; CXCL2 and SOCS1; and CXCL2, HES4, and TIFA, respectively (Supplementary Table S3). Here, TIFA is linked to colitis.