Taken together, candidate biomarkers (Galectin-1, Mesothelin, Osteopontin, shed SDC-1, VEGF, MMP-7, HGF, TIMP-1 and NRG1-β1) identified in the current study could be diagnostic biomarkers for distinguishing malignant pleural mesothelioma and metastatic adenocarcinoma from benign patients. The gene discussed is MSLN; the disease is malignant pleural mesothelioma.