Compared with the control group, patients with ROP had increased levels of the cytokines VEGF-A (P = 0.002), VEGF-D (P = 0.012), MIP-1β (P = 0.009), IP-10 (P = 0.008), RANTES (P = 0.002), eotaxin (P = 0.017), TNF-α (P = 0.019), IL-18 (P = 0.025), EGF (P < 0.001), SCF (P = 0.007), PlGF-1 (P = 0.008), and β-NGF (P = 0.034), along with decreased levels of MCP-1 and HGF (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). This evidence concerns the gene IL18 and retinopathy of prematurity.