In women, plasma S1P levels significantly differed according to the degree of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction, after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, hypertension, A1C, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), diabetes duration, retinopathy and nephropathy (normal, 9.8 μmol/l, 95% CI 8.9–10.9; early, 9.0 μmol/l, 95% CI 8.0–10.0; definite, 7.1 μmol/l, 95% CI 6.2–8.1; p for trend = 0.002). Here, CRP is linked to kidney disorder.