KNG1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: From recent studies, potential clinical biomarkers for early renal function decline in patients with T1DM and microalbuminuria are: plasma soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor isoforms 1 and 2 (TNFR1 and TNFR2) and E-selectin50,51, plasma kininogen and kininogen fragments52 and 7 metabolites identified in an unfocussed metabolomics study (C-glycosyltryptophan, pseudouridine, O-sulfotyrosine, N-acetylthreonine, N-acetylserine, N6-carbamoylthreonyl-adenosine, and N6-acetyllysine)53.