Obesity is characterised by an excess of adipose tissue and commonly accompanies metabolic deterioration, such as hyperglycaemia, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance.11 Indeed, disruptions in insulin metabolism, adipokines, inflammation and sex hormones all contribute to the adverse effects of obesity in cancer development and progression.34 MetS is also associated with increased risks of various cancers. This evidence concerns the gene INS and cancer.