SOX2 and neoplasm: Dysregulation of SOX2 has been found in over 20 different types of human cancers,5 and SOX2 overexpression and associated abnormal cross-talks with multiple signaling pathways trigger several malignant features, including uncontrolled proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, altered autophagy, enhanced EMT, and maintenance of CSCs, leading to tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance (Figs. 4 and 5).