TP53 and viral infectious disease: However, others studies have indicated the opposite, that is, that the polymorphism is associated with increased risk of several malignancies associated with viral infections, including in Caucasian (prostate cancer) [44], European (high-grade glioma; Pro 72) [45], Indian (cervical cancer) [46], Chinese (cervical cancer) [47], and Japanese (hepatocellular carcinoma) populations [48], implying that important ethnic and tumor type differences may exist regarding the cancer susceptibility of p53 codon 72 polymorphisms.